Ethereum: Where does the random number appear when signing a transaction?

When it comes to signing transactions on the Ethereum network, the question often arises as to how the random number generator (RNG) that generates these cryptographically secure signatures actually works. This may seem like an obscure detail, but understanding where and why this RNG plays a role is crucial for anyone who wants to learn more about Ethereum.

What is a cryptographic signature?

Before we dive into the details of the random number generator, let’s quickly take a look at what a cryptographic signature is. A digital signature is essentially a unique code that proves to other parties that a particular message or transaction was verified by the sender. It’s like a digital fingerprint, adding an extra layer of security and authenticity.

How ​​Ethereum signs transactions

Transactions on the Ethereum network are signed using a special algorithm called ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm). This algorithm is designed to be extremely secure, but it relies on a random number generator to generate the signatures. The RNG used in ECDSA generates a unique sequence of numbers, which are then combined with a hash of the transaction data to create a digital signature.

Role of the Random Number Generator

In the context of Ethereum, the random number generator is used to generate a sequence of 32-bit values, called “bls12-381” (Blake’s 12-381). These bls12-381 values ​​are then combined with the hash of the transaction data using the SHA-256 algorithm. The resulting signature is verified by other nodes on the network, and if it passes the tests, it is accepted as a valid signature.

How ​​does the RNG work?

The RNG used in Ethereum is based on the “linear congruency generator” (LCG) algorithm. This algorithm produces a sequence of numbers that follow a predictable pattern, but still has enough randomness to ensure security. The LCG algorithm is designed to generate high-quality random numbers with a low probability of collision, ensuring that the generated values ​​are cryptographically secure.

Why is it crucial for security?

Using an RNG in Ethereum’s signature generation process is not just about generating random numbers; it’s also about ensuring the security and integrity of the network. The randomness provided by the RNG prevents an attacker from predicting the digital signature, making it much more difficult to forge transactions or signatures.

In conclusion

The random number generator plays a crucial role in signing Ethereum transactions. By using a unique sequence of numbers generated through the LCG algorithm, Ethereum ensures that its digital signatures are cryptographically secure and virtually unforgeable. The next time you see an Ethereum transaction signature, remember that there is a little RNG magic behind it – and it should be appreciated for the security and integrity it provides.

This article summarizes the importance of random numbers in Ethereum signature transactions and their role in ensuring the security and integrity of the network.